⚗ Bonding Simulator

Select two elements to explore ionic and covalent bonding

Select two elements from the periodic table above to see their bond.

A note about this model

Transition metals like iron and copper have electrons in d orbitals — a shell that Lewis dot diagrams can't honestly represent. Drawing dots for these elements would be misleading.

So for d-block metals, we simplify: the atom is shown as a pre-formed ion (e.g. [Fe]²⁺) with no orbiting electrons. It can still bond ionically with anions, and the correct formula and name are shown.

What's kept: ionic bonding, stoichiometry, charge balance, Stock nomenclature.
What's set aside: electron shell diagrams, covalent bonding, coordination chemistry.